Steam Distillation :: essays research papers

Steam DistillationPurpose To use steam distillation to purify heat sensitive, natural products, like essential oils.Procedure enthrall refer toWilliamson, Macroscale &Microscale Organic Experiments 4th Ed., pgs.98-109 ResultsTable 1.1 Steam distillationDrop (every third drop)Temperature (C)Addition of 0.5 mL water1100.3Water added2100.53100.5Water added4100.6Water added5100.66100.6Water added7100.68100.6Water added9100.310100.6Observations The residue was cloudy during distillation. This indicated that it was wet. The water was added when the firmness appeared to be getting low in volume.Table 1.2 Recovery of organic materialObject being weighedWeight in gramsWeight of empty, clean tryout tube6.446 gWeight of clean test tube with spearmint oil6.635 gWeight of spearmint oil0.189 gTable 1.3 IR SpectroscopyFrequencyCorresponding Functional Group3083.81C-H2923.91C-H1674.33C=OConclusionIn this experiment, the process of steam distillation was used to purify a natural product, (the ess ential oil of spearmint). This phenomenon works because when two immiscible liquids are distilled, the boiling point of the mixture is below the boiling point of the both everlasting(a) compounds. Since water has a significantly lower boiling point than spearmint, a much greater proportion of water molecules was vaporizing at any time during the distillation. nonetheless though the components of spearmint oil have low vapor pressure, they are volatile enough to vaporize to some extent and a small come will lifted off with the water molecules. This boiling will occur when the independent internal vapor pressures are equal to 760 torr, which is the external vapor pressure. It is note that steam distillation, unlike regular distillation, it does not follow Raoults Law. After steam distillation was completed, the essential oil was recovered and a thin point chromatography was conducted. When this TLC was conducted, there was one spot of pure essential oil and one of the distilled a nd recovered essential oil. The results indicated that the distilled, recovered oil was pure because it came out as a single spot, level with that of the pure oil. The infrared spectroscopy was performed next. IR spectroscopy is used to identify the functional by stretching and bonding frequencies of bonds. The peaks tot up to the functional groups.